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.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 pkgconf authors (see AUTHORS).
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" This software is provided 'as is' and without any warranty, express or
.\" implied. In no event shall the authors be liable for any damages arising
.\" from the use of this software.
.Dd November 15, 2016
.Dt PKGCONF 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pkgconf
.Nd a system for configuring build dependency information
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Ar options
.Op Ar list of modules
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a program which helps to configure compiler and linker flags for
development libraries.
This allows build systems to detect other dependencies and use them with the
system toolchain.
.Sh GENERAL OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl -version
Display the supported pkg-config version and exit.
.It Fl -atleast-pkgconfig-version Ns = Ns Ar VERSION
Exit with error if we do not support the requested pkg-config version.
.It Fl -errors-to-stdout
Print all errors on the main output stream instead of the error output stream.
.It Fl -silence-errors
Do not display any errors at all.
.It Fl -list-all
Walk all directories listed in the
.Va PKG_CONFIG_PATH
environmental variable and display information on packages which have registered
information there.
.It Fl -simulate
Simulates resolving a dependency graph based on the requested modules on the
command line.
Dumps a series of trees denoting pkgconf's resolver state.
.It Fl -no-cache
Skip caching packages when they are loaded into the internal resolver.
This may result in an alternate dependency graph being computed.
.It Fl -ignore-conflicts
Ignore
.Sq Conflicts
rules in modules.
.It Fl -env-only
Learn about pkgconf's configuration strictly from environmental variables.
.It Fl -validate Ar package ...
Validate specific
.Sq .pc
files for correctness.
.It Fl -maximum-traverse-depth Ns = Ns Ar DEPTH
Impose a limit on the allowed depth in the dependency graph.
For example, a depth of 2 will restrict the resolver from acting on child
dependencies of modules added to the resolver's solution.
.It Fl -static
Compute a deeper dependency graph and use compiler/linker flags intended for
static linking.
.It Fl -shared
Compute a simple dependency graph that is only suitable for shared linking.
.It Fl -pure
Treats the computed dependency graph as if it were pure.
This is mainly intended for use with the
.Fl -static
flag.
.It Fl -no-provides
Ignore
.Sq Provides
rules in modules when resolving dependencies.
.It Fl -with-path Ns = Ns Ar PATH
Adds a new module search path to pkgconf's dependency resolver.
Paths added in this way are given preference before other paths.
.It Fl -define-prefix
Attempts to determine the prefix variable to use for CFLAGS and LIBS entry relocations.
This is mainly useful for platforms where framework SDKs are relocatable, such as Windows.
.It Fl -dont-define-prefix
Disables the
.Sq define-prefix
feature.
.It Fl -prefix-variable Ns = Ns Ar VARIABLE
Sets the
.Sq prefix
variable used by the
.Sq define-prefix
feature.
.It Fl -relocate Ns = Ns Ar PATH
Relocates a path using the pkgconf_path_relocate API.
This is mainly used by the testsuite to provide a guaranteed interface
to the system's path relocation backend.
.It Fl -dont-relocate-paths
Disables the path relocation feature.
.El
.Sh MODULE-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl -atleast-version Ns = Ns Ar VERSION
Exit with error if a module's version is less than the specified version.
.It Fl -exact-version Ns = Ns Ar VERSION
Exit with error if a module's version is not exactly the specified version.
.It Fl -max-version Ns = Ns Ar VERSION
Exit with error if a module's version is greater than the specified version.
.It Fl -exists
Exit with a non-zero result if the dependency resolver was unable to find all of
the requested modules.
.It Fl -uninstalled
Exit with a non-zero result if the dependency resolver uses an
.Sq uninstalled
module as part of its solution.
.It Fl -no-uninstalled
Forbids the dependency resolver from considering 'uninstalled' modules as part
of a solution.
.El
.Sh QUERY-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl -cflags , Fl -cflags-only-I , Fl -cflags-only-other
Display either all CFLAGS, only
.Fl I
CFLAGS or only CFLAGS that are not
.Fl I .
.It Fl -libs , Fl -libs-only-L , Fl -libs-only-l , Fl -libs-only-other
Display either all linker flags, only
.Fl L
linker flags, only
.Fl l
linker flags or only linker flags that are not
.Fl L
or
.Fl l .
.It Fl -keep-system-cflags , Fl -keep-system-libs
Keep CFLAGS or linker flag fragments that would be filtered due to being
included by default in the compiler.
.It Fl -define-variable Ns = Ns Ar VARNAME Ns = Ns Ar VALUE
Define
.Va VARNAME
as
.Va VALUE .
Variables are used in query output, and some modules' results may change based
on the presence of a variable definition.
.It Fl -print-variables
Print all seen variables for a module to the output channel.
.It Fl -print-provides
Print all relevant
.Sq Provides
entries for a module to the output channel.
.It Fl -variable Ns = Ns Ar VARNAME
Print the value of
.Va VARNAME .
.It Fl -print-requires , Fl -print-requires-private
Print the modules included in either the
.Va Requires
field or the
.Va Requires.private
field.
.It Fl -digraph
Dump the dependency resolver's solution as a graphviz
.Sq dot
file.
This can be used with graphviz to visualize module interdependencies.
.It Fl -path
Display the filenames of the
.Sq .pc
files used by the dependency resolver for a given dependency set.
.It Fl -env Ns = Ns Ar VARNAME
Print the requested values as variable declarations in a similar format as the
.Xr env 1
command.
.It Fl -fragment-filter Ns = Ns Ar TYPES
Filter the fragment lists for the specified types.
.It Fl -modversion
Print the version of the queried module.
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_PATH
List of secondary directories where
.Sq .pc
files are looked up.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
List of primary directories where
.Sq .pc
files are looked up.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
.Sq sysroot
directory, will be prepended to every path defined in
.Va PKG_CONFIG_PATH .
Useful for cross compilation.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_TOP_BUILD_DIR
Provides an alternative setting for the
.Sq pc_top_builddir
global variable.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_PURE_DEPGRAPH
If set, enables the same behaviour as the
.Fl -pure
flag.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_PATH
List of paths that are considered system include paths by the toolchain.
This is a pkgconf-specific extension.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_SYSTEM_LIBRARY_PATH
List of paths that are considered system library paths by the toolchain.
This is a pkgconf-specific extension.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_DISABLE_UNINSTALLED
If set, enables the same behaviour as the
.Fl -no-uninstalled
flag.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_LOG
.Sq logfile
which is used for dumping audit information concerning installed module versions.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_DEBUG_SPEW
If set, enables additional debug logging.
The format of the debug log messages is implementation-specific.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_DONT_RELOCATE_PATHS
If set, disables the path relocation feature.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_MSVC_SYNTAX
If set, uses MSVC syntax for fragments.
.It Va PKG_CONFIG_FDO_SYSROOT_RULES
If set, follow the sysroot prefixing rules that freedesktop.org pkg-config uses.
.It Va DESTDIR
If set to PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR, assume that PKG_CONFIG_FDO_SYSROOT_RULES is set.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
Displaying the CFLAGS of a package:
.Dl $ pkgconf --cflags foo
.Dl -fPIC -I/usr/include/foo
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pc 5 ,
.Xr pkg.m4 7

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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "CPP 1"
.TH CPP 1 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
cpp \- The C Preprocessor
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
cpp [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR]
[\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-iquote\fR\fIdir\fR...]
[\fB\-M\fR|\fB\-MM\fR] [\fB\-MG\fR] [\fB\-MF\fR \fIfilename\fR]
[\fB\-MP\fR] [\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR...]
[\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR...]
\fIinfile\fR [[\fB\-o\fR] \fIoutfile\fR]
.PP
Only the most useful options are given above; see below for a more
complete list of preprocessor-specific options.
In addition, \fBcpp\fR accepts most \fBgcc\fR driver options, which
are not listed here. Refer to the \s-1GCC\s0 documentation for details.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The C preprocessor, often known as \fIcpp\fR, is a \fImacro processor\fR
that is used automatically by the C compiler to transform your program
before compilation. It is called a macro processor because it allows
you to define \fImacros\fR, which are brief abbreviations for longer
constructs.
.PP
The C preprocessor is intended to be used only with C, \*(C+, and
Objective-C source code. In the past, it has been abused as a general
text processor. It will choke on input which does not obey C's lexical
rules. For example, apostrophes will be interpreted as the beginning of
character constants, and cause errors. Also, you cannot rely on it
preserving characteristics of the input which are not significant to
C\-family languages. If a Makefile is preprocessed, all the hard tabs
will be removed, and the Makefile will not work.
.PP
Having said that, you can often get away with using cpp on things which
are not C. Other Algol-ish programming languages are often safe
(Ada, etc.) So is assembly, with caution. \fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR
mode preserves more white space, and is otherwise more permissive. Many
of the problems can be avoided by writing C or \*(C+ style comments
instead of native language comments, and keeping macros simple.
.PP
Wherever possible, you should use a preprocessor geared to the language
you are writing in. Modern versions of the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler have macro
facilities. Most high level programming languages have their own
conditional compilation and inclusion mechanism. If all else fails,
try a true general text processor, such as \s-1GNU M4.\s0
.PP
C preprocessors vary in some details. This manual discusses the \s-1GNU C\s0
preprocessor, which provides a small superset of the features of \s-1ISO\s0
Standard C. In its default mode, the \s-1GNU C\s0 preprocessor does not do a
few things required by the standard. These are features which are
rarely, if ever, used, and may cause surprising changes to the meaning
of a program which does not expect them. To get strict \s-1ISO\s0 Standard C,
you should use the \fB\-std=c90\fR, \fB\-std=c99\fR,
\&\fB\-std=c11\fR or \fB\-std=c17\fR options, depending
on which version of the standard you want. To get all the mandatory
diagnostics, you must also use \fB\-pedantic\fR.
.PP
This manual describes the behavior of the \s-1ISO\s0 preprocessor. To
minimize gratuitous differences, where the \s-1ISO\s0 preprocessor's
behavior does not conflict with traditional semantics, the
traditional preprocessor should behave the same way. The various
differences that do exist are detailed in the section \fBTraditional
Mode\fR.
.PP
For clarity, unless noted otherwise, references to \fB\s-1CPP\s0\fR in this
manual refer to \s-1GNU CPP.\s0
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
The \fBcpp\fR command expects two file names as arguments, \fIinfile\fR and
\&\fIoutfile\fR. The preprocessor reads \fIinfile\fR together with any
other files it specifies with \fB#include\fR. All the output generated
by the combined input files is written in \fIoutfile\fR.
.PP
Either \fIinfile\fR or \fIoutfile\fR may be \fB\-\fR, which as
\&\fIinfile\fR means to read from standard input and as \fIoutfile\fR
means to write to standard output. If either file is omitted, it
means the same as if \fB\-\fR had been specified for that file.
You can also use the \fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile\fR option to specify the
output file.
.PP
Unless otherwise noted, or the option ends in \fB=\fR, all options
which take an argument may have that argument appear either immediately
after the option, or with a space between option and argument:
\&\fB\-Ifoo\fR and \fB\-I foo\fR have the same effect.
.PP
Many options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter
options may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dM\fR is very different from
\&\fB\-d\ \-M\fR.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-D name"
Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW1\fR.
.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4
.IX Item "-D name=definition"
The contents of \fIdefinition\fR are tokenized and processed as if
they appeared during translation phase three in a \fB#define\fR
directive. In particular, the definition is truncated by
embedded newline characters.
.Sp
If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like
program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect
characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.
.Sp
If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write
its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign
(if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, so you should
quote the option. With \fBsh\fR and \fBcsh\fR,
\&\fB\-D'\fR\fIname\fR\fB(\fR\fIargs...\fR\fB)=\fR\fIdefinition\fR\fB'\fR works.
.Sp
\&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options are processed in the order they
are given on the command line. All \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR and
\&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR options are processed after all
\&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options.
.IP "\fB\-U\fR \fIname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-U name"
Cancel any previous definition of \fIname\fR, either built in or
provided with a \fB\-D\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-include file"
Process \fIfile\fR as if \f(CW\*(C`#include "file"\*(C'\fR appeared as the first
line of the primary source file. However, the first directory searched
for \fIfile\fR is the preprocessor's working directory \fIinstead of\fR
the directory containing the main source file. If not found there, it
is searched for in the remainder of the \f(CW\*(C`#include "..."\*(C'\fR search
chain as normal.
.Sp
If multiple \fB\-include\fR options are given, the files are included
in the order they appear on the command line.
.IP "\fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-imacros file"
Exactly like \fB\-include\fR, except that any output produced by
scanning \fIfile\fR is thrown away. Macros it defines remain defined.
This allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also
processing its declarations.
.Sp
All files specified by \fB\-imacros\fR are processed before all files
specified by \fB\-include\fR.
.IP "\fB\-undef\fR" 4
.IX Item "-undef"
Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros. The
standard predefined macros remain defined.
.IP "\fB\-pthread\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pthread"
Define additional macros required for using the \s-1POSIX\s0 threads library.
You should use this option consistently for both compilation and linking.
This option is supported on GNU/Linux targets, most other Unix derivatives,
and also on x86 Cygwin and MinGW targets.
.IP "\fB\-M\fR" 4
.IX Item "-M"
Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule
suitable for \fBmake\fR describing the dependencies of the main
source file. The preprocessor outputs one \fBmake\fR rule containing
the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all
the included files, including those coming from \fB\-include\fR or
\&\fB\-imacros\fR command-line options.
.Sp
Unless specified explicitly (with \fB\-MT\fR or \fB\-MQ\fR), the
object file name consists of the name of the source file with any
suffix replaced with object file suffix and with any leading directory
parts removed. If there are many included files then the rule is
split into several lines using \fB\e\fR\-newline. The rule has no
commands.
.Sp
This option does not suppress the preprocessor's debug output, such as
\&\fB\-dM\fR. To avoid mixing such debug output with the dependency
rules you should explicitly specify the dependency output file with
\&\fB\-MF\fR, or use an environment variable like
\&\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR. Debug output
is still sent to the regular output stream as normal.
.Sp
Passing \fB\-M\fR to the driver implies \fB\-E\fR, and suppresses
warnings with an implicit \fB\-w\fR.
.IP "\fB\-MM\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MM"
Like \fB\-M\fR but do not mention header files that are found in
system header directories, nor header files that are included,
directly or indirectly, from such a header.
.Sp
This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
\&\fB#include\fR directive does not in itself determine whether that
header appears in \fB\-MM\fR dependency output.
.IP "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MF file"
When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, specifies a
file to write the dependencies to. If no \fB\-MF\fR switch is given
the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would send
preprocessed output.
.Sp
When used with the driver options \fB\-MD\fR or \fB\-MMD\fR,
\&\fB\-MF\fR overrides the default dependency output file.
.Sp
If \fIfile\fR is \fI\-\fR, then the dependencies are written to \fIstdout\fR.
.IP "\fB\-MG\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MG"
In conjunction with an option such as \fB\-M\fR requesting
dependency generation, \fB\-MG\fR assumes missing header files are
generated files and adds them to the dependency list without raising
an error. The dependency filename is taken directly from the
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR directive without prepending any path. \fB\-MG\fR
also suppresses preprocessed output, as a missing header file renders
this useless.
.Sp
This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles.
.IP "\fB\-Mno\-modules\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Mno-modules"
Disable dependency generation for compiled module interfaces.
.IP "\fB\-MP\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MP"
This option instructs \s-1CPP\s0 to add a phony target for each dependency
other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing. These
dummy rules work around errors \fBmake\fR gives if you remove header
files without updating the \fIMakefile\fR to match.
.Sp
This is typical output:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& test.o: test.c test.h
\&
\& test.h:
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MT target"
Change the target of the rule emitted by dependency generation. By
default \s-1CPP\s0 takes the name of the main input file, deletes any
directory components and any file suffix such as \fB.c\fR, and
appends the platform's usual object suffix. The result is the target.
.Sp
An \fB\-MT\fR option sets the target to be exactly the string you
specify. If you want multiple targets, you can specify them as a single
argument to \fB\-MT\fR, or use multiple \fB\-MT\fR options.
.Sp
For example, \fB\-MT\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR might give
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MQ target"
Same as \fB\-MT\fR, but it quotes any characters which are special to
Make. \fB\-MQ\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR gives
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
.Ve
.Sp
The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with
\&\fB\-MQ\fR.
.IP "\fB\-MD\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MD"
\&\fB\-MD\fR is equivalent to \fB\-M \-MF\fR \fIfile\fR, except that
\&\fB\-E\fR is not implied. The driver determines \fIfile\fR based on
whether an \fB\-o\fR option is given. If it is, the driver uses its
argument but with a suffix of \fI.d\fR, otherwise it takes the name
of the input file, removes any directory components and suffix, and
applies a \fI.d\fR suffix.
.Sp
If \fB\-MD\fR is used in conjunction with \fB\-E\fR, any
\&\fB\-o\fR switch is understood to specify the dependency output file, but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR
is understood to specify a target object file.
.Sp
Since \fB\-E\fR is not implied, \fB\-MD\fR can be used to generate
a dependency output file as a side effect of the compilation process.
.IP "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4
.IX Item "-MMD"
Like \fB\-MD\fR except mention only user header files, not system
header files.
.IP "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fpreprocessed"
Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
pass a file preprocessed with \fB\-C\fR to the compiler without
problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than
a tokenizer for the front ends.
.Sp
\&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR is implicit if the input file has one of the
extensions \fB.i\fR, \fB.ii\fR or \fB.mi\fR. These are the
extensions that \s-1GCC\s0 uses for preprocessed files created by
\&\fB\-save\-temps\fR.
.IP "\fB\-fdirectives\-only\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fdirectives-only"
When preprocessing, handle directives, but do not expand macros.
.Sp
The option's behavior depends on the \fB\-E\fR and \fB\-fpreprocessed\fR
options.
.Sp
With \fB\-E\fR, preprocessing is limited to the handling of directives
such as \f(CW\*(C`#define\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`#ifdef\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`#error\*(C'\fR. Other
preprocessor operations, such as macro expansion and trigraph
conversion are not performed. In addition, the \fB\-dD\fR option is
implicitly enabled.
.Sp
With \fB\-fpreprocessed\fR, predefinition of command line and most
builtin macros is disabled. Macros such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_LINE_\|_\*(C'\fR, which are
contextually dependent, are handled normally. This enables compilation of
files previously preprocessed with \f(CW\*(C`\-E \-fdirectives\-only\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
With both \fB\-E\fR and \fB\-fpreprocessed\fR, the rules for
\&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR take precedence. This enables full preprocessing of
files previously preprocessed with \f(CW\*(C`\-E \-fdirectives\-only\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-fdollars\-in\-identifiers\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers"
Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers.
.IP "\fB\-fextended\-identifiers\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fextended-identifiers"
Accept universal character names and extended characters in
identifiers. This option is enabled by default for C99 (and later C
standard versions) and \*(C+.
.IP "\fB\-fno\-canonical\-system\-headers\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fno-canonical-system-headers"
When preprocessing, do not shorten system header paths with canonicalization.
.IP "\fB\-fmax\-include\-depth=\fR\fIdepth\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fmax-include-depth=depth"
Set the maximum depth of the nested #include. The default is 200.
.IP "\fB\-ftabstop=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
.IX Item "-ftabstop=width"
Set the distance between tab stops. This helps the preprocessor report
correct column numbers in warnings or errors, even if tabs appear on the
line. If the value is less than 1 or greater than 100, the option is
ignored. The default is 8.
.IP "\fB\-ftrack\-macro\-expansion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIlevel\fR]" 4
.IX Item "-ftrack-macro-expansion[=level]"
Track locations of tokens across macro expansions. This allows the
compiler to emit diagnostic about the current macro expansion stack
when a compilation error occurs in a macro expansion. Using this
option makes the preprocessor and the compiler consume more
memory. The \fIlevel\fR parameter can be used to choose the level of
precision of token location tracking thus decreasing the memory
consumption if necessary. Value \fB0\fR of \fIlevel\fR de-activates
this option. Value \fB1\fR tracks tokens locations in a
degraded mode for the sake of minimal memory overhead. In this mode
all tokens resulting from the expansion of an argument of a
function-like macro have the same location. Value \fB2\fR tracks
tokens locations completely. This value is the most memory hungry.
When this option is given no argument, the default parameter value is
\&\fB2\fR.
.Sp
Note that \f(CW\*(C`\-ftrack\-macro\-expansion=2\*(C'\fR is activated by default.
.IP "\fB\-fmacro\-prefix\-map=\fR\fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fmacro-prefix-map=old=new"
When preprocessing files residing in directory \fI\fIold\fI\fR,
expand the \f(CW\*(C`_\|_FILE_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_BASE_FILE_\|_\*(C'\fR macros as if the
files resided in directory \fI\fInew\fI\fR instead. This can be used
to change an absolute path to a relative path by using \fI.\fR for
\&\fInew\fR which can result in more reproducible builds that are
location independent. This option also affects
\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_builtin_FILE()\*(C'\fR during compilation. See also
\&\fB\-ffile\-prefix\-map\fR.
.IP "\fB\-fexec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fexec-charset=charset"
Set the execution character set, used for string and character
constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-8.\s0 \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
.IP "\fB\-fwide\-exec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fwide-exec-charset=charset"
Set the wide execution character set, used for wide string and
character constants. The default is \s-1UTF\-32\s0 or \s-1UTF\-16,\s0 whichever
corresponds to the width of \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR. As with
\&\fB\-fexec\-charset\fR, \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding supported
by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine; however, you will have
problems with encodings that do not fit exactly in \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-finput\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
.IX Item "-finput-charset=charset"
Set the input character set, used for translation from the character
set of the input file to the source character set used by \s-1GCC.\s0 If the
locale does not specify, or \s-1GCC\s0 cannot get this information from the
locale, the default is \s-1UTF\-8.\s0 This can be overridden by either the locale
or this command-line option. Currently the command-line option takes
precedence if there's a conflict. \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
.IP "\fB\-fworking\-directory\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fworking-directory"
Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that
let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of
preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor
emits, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the
current working directory followed by two slashes. \s-1GCC\s0 uses this
directory, when it's present in the preprocessed input, as the
directory emitted as the current working directory in some debugging
information formats. This option is implicitly enabled if debugging
information is enabled, but this can be inhibited with the negated
form \fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR. If the \fB\-P\fR flag is
present in the command line, this option has no effect, since no
\&\f(CW\*(C`#line\*(C'\fR directives are emitted whatsoever.
.IP "\fB\-A\fR \fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A predicate=answer"
Make an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer
\&\fIanswer\fR. This form is preferred to the older form \fB\-A\fR
\&\fIpredicate\fR\fB(\fR\fIanswer\fR\fB)\fR, which is still supported, because
it does not use shell special characters.
.IP "\fB\-A \-\fR\fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A -predicate=answer"
Cancel an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer
\&\fIanswer\fR.
.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
.IX Item "-C"
Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the output
file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted
along with the directive.
.Sp
You should be prepared for side effects when using \fB\-C\fR; it
causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right.
For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a
directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary
source line, since the first token on the line is no longer a \fB#\fR.
.IP "\fB\-CC\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CC"
Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is
like \fB\-C\fR, except that comments contained within macros are
also passed through to the output file where the macro is expanded.
.Sp
In addition to the side effects of the \fB\-C\fR option, the
\&\fB\-CC\fR option causes all \*(C+\-style comments inside a macro
to be converted to C\-style comments. This is to prevent later use
of that macro from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of
the source line.
.Sp
The \fB\-CC\fR option is generally used to support lint comments.
.IP "\fB\-P\fR" 4
.IX Item "-P"
Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor.
This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is
not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the
linemarkers.
.IP "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4
.IX Item "-traditional"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4
.IX Item "-traditional-cpp"
.PD
Try to imitate the behavior of pre-standard C preprocessors, as
opposed to \s-1ISO C\s0 preprocessors.
.Sp
Note that \s-1GCC\s0 does not otherwise attempt to emulate a pre-standard
C compiler, and these options are only supported with the \fB\-E\fR
switch, or when invoking \s-1CPP\s0 explicitly.
.IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4
.IX Item "-trigraphs"
Support \s-1ISO C\s0 trigraphs.
These are three-character sequences, all starting with \fB??\fR, that
are defined by \s-1ISO C\s0 to stand for single characters. For example,
\&\fB??/\fR stands for \fB\e\fR, so \fB'??/n'\fR is a character
constant for a newline.
.Sp
By default, \s-1GCC\s0 ignores trigraphs, but in
standard-conforming modes it converts them. See the \fB\-std\fR and
\&\fB\-ansi\fR options.
.IP "\fB\-remap\fR" 4
.IX Item "-remap"
Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very
short file names, such as MS-DOS.
.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
.IX Item "-H"
Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal
activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the
\&\fB#include\fR stack it is. Precompiled header files are also
printed, even if they are found to be invalid; an invalid precompiled
header file is printed with \fB...x\fR and a valid one with \fB...!\fR .
.IP "\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dletters"
Says to make debugging dumps during compilation as specified by
\&\fIletters\fR. The flags documented here are those relevant to the
preprocessor. Other \fIletters\fR are interpreted
by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of \s-1GCC,\s0 and so
are silently ignored. If you specify \fIletters\fR whose behavior
conflicts, the result is undefined.
.RS 4
.IP "\fB\-dM\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dM"
Instead of the normal output, generate a list of \fB#define\fR
directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the
preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of
finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor.
Assuming you have no file \fIfoo.h\fR, the command
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& touch foo.h; cpp \-dM foo.h
.Ve
.Sp
shows all the predefined macros.
.IP "\fB\-dD\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dD"
Like \fB\-dM\fR except in two respects: it does \fInot\fR include the
predefined macros, and it outputs \fIboth\fR the \fB#define\fR
directives and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to
the standard output file.
.IP "\fB\-dN\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dN"
Like \fB\-dD\fR, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.
.IP "\fB\-dI\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dI"
Output \fB#include\fR directives in addition to the result of
preprocessing.
.IP "\fB\-dU\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dU"
Like \fB\-dD\fR except that only macros that are expanded, or whose
definedness is tested in preprocessor directives, are output; the
output is delayed until the use or test of the macro; and
\&\fB#undef\fR directives are also output for macros tested but
undefined at the time.
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.IP "\fB\-fdebug\-cpp\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fdebug-cpp"
This option is only useful for debugging \s-1GCC.\s0 When used from \s-1CPP\s0 or with
\&\fB\-E\fR, it dumps debugging information about location maps. Every
token in the output is preceded by the dump of the map its location
belongs to.
.Sp
When used from \s-1GCC\s0 without \fB\-E\fR, this option has no effect.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I dir"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-iquote\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-iquote dir"
.IP "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-isystem dir"
.IP "\fB\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-idirafter dir"
.PD
Add the directory \fIdir\fR to the list of directories to be searched
for header files during preprocessing.
.Sp
If \fIdir\fR begins with \fB=\fR or \f(CW$SYSROOT\fR, then the \fB=\fR
or \f(CW$SYSROOT\fR is replaced by the sysroot prefix; see
\&\fB\-\-sysroot\fR and \fB\-isysroot\fR.
.Sp
Directories specified with \fB\-iquote\fR apply only to the quote
form of the directive, \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR.
Directories specified with \fB\-I\fR, \fB\-isystem\fR,
or \fB\-idirafter\fR apply to lookup for both the
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR directives.
.Sp
You can specify any number or combination of these options on the
command line to search for header files in several directories.
The lookup order is as follows:
.RS 4
.IP "1." 4
.IX Item "1."
For the quote form of the include directive, the directory of the current
file is searched first.
.IP "2." 4
.IX Item "2."
For the quote form of the include directive, the directories specified
by \fB\-iquote\fR options are searched in left-to-right order,
as they appear on the command line.
.IP "3." 4
.IX Item "3."
Directories specified with \fB\-I\fR options are scanned in
left-to-right order.
.IP "4." 4
.IX Item "4."
Directories specified with \fB\-isystem\fR options are scanned in
left-to-right order.
.IP "5." 4
.IX Item "5."
Standard system directories are scanned.
.IP "6." 4
.IX Item "6."
Directories specified with \fB\-idirafter\fR options are scanned in
left-to-right order.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
You can use \fB\-I\fR to override a system header
file, substituting your own version, since these directories are
searched before the standard system header file directories.
However, you should
not use this option to add directories that contain vendor-supplied
system header files; use \fB\-isystem\fR for that.
.Sp
The \fB\-isystem\fR and \fB\-idirafter\fR options also mark the directory
as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment that
is applied to the standard system directories.
.Sp
If a standard system include directory, or a directory specified with
\&\fB\-isystem\fR, is also specified with \fB\-I\fR, the \fB\-I\fR
option is ignored. The directory is still searched but as a
system directory at its normal position in the system include chain.
This is to ensure that \s-1GCC\s0's procedure to fix buggy system headers and
the ordering for the \f(CW\*(C`#include_next\*(C'\fR directive are not inadvertently
changed.
If you really need to change the search order for system directories,
use the \fB\-nostdinc\fR and/or \fB\-isystem\fR options.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-I\-\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I-"
Split the include path.
This option has been deprecated. Please use \fB\-iquote\fR instead for
\&\fB\-I\fR directories before the \fB\-I\-\fR and remove the \fB\-I\-\fR
option.
.Sp
Any directories specified with \fB\-I\fR
options before \fB\-I\-\fR are searched only for headers requested with
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR. If additional directories are
specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I\-\fR, those
directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR directives.
.Sp
In addition, \fB\-I\-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current
file directory as the first search directory for \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR. There is no way to override this effect of \fB\-I\-\fR.
.IP "\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIprefix\fR" 4
.IX Item "-iprefix prefix"
Specify \fIprefix\fR as the prefix for subsequent \fB\-iwithprefix\fR
options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the
final \fB/\fR.
.IP "\fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-iwithprefix dir"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-iwithprefixbefore dir"
.PD
Append \fIdir\fR to the prefix specified previously with
\&\fB\-iprefix\fR, and add the resulting directory to the include search
path. \fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR puts it in the same place \fB\-I\fR
would; \fB\-iwithprefix\fR puts it where \fB\-idirafter\fR would.
.IP "\fB\-isysroot\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-isysroot dir"
This option is like the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option, but applies only to
header files (except for Darwin targets, where it applies to both header
files and libraries). See the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option for more
information.
.IP "\fB\-imultilib\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-imultilib dir"
Use \fIdir\fR as a subdirectory of the directory containing
target-specific \*(C+ headers.
.IP "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nostdinc"
Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
Only the directories explicitly specified with \fB\-I\fR,
\&\fB\-iquote\fR, \fB\-isystem\fR, and/or \fB\-idirafter\fR
options (and the directory of the current file, if appropriate)
are searched.
.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nostdinc++"
Do not search for header files in the \*(C+\-specific standard directories,
but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is
used when building the \*(C+ library.)
.IP "\fB\-Wcomment\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wcomment"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wcomments"
.PD
Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR
comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment.
This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wtrigraphs"
Warn if any trigraphs are encountered that might change the meaning of
the program. Trigraphs within comments are not warned about,
except those that would form escaped newlines.
.Sp
This option is implied by \fB\-Wall\fR. If \fB\-Wall\fR is not
given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled. To
get trigraph conversion without warnings, but get the other
\&\fB\-Wall\fR warnings, use \fB\-trigraphs \-Wall \-Wno\-trigraphs\fR.
.IP "\fB\-Wundef\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wundef"
Warn if an undefined identifier is evaluated in an \f(CW\*(C`#if\*(C'\fR directive.
Such identifiers are replaced with zero.
.IP "\fB\-Wexpansion\-to\-defined\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wexpansion-to-defined"
Warn whenever \fBdefined\fR is encountered in the expansion of a macro
(including the case where the macro is expanded by an \fB#if\fR directive).
Such usage is not portable.
This warning is also enabled by \fB\-Wpedantic\fR and \fB\-Wextra\fR.
.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-macros\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wunused-macros"
Warn about macros defined in the main file that are unused. A macro
is \fIused\fR if it is expanded or tested for existence at least once.
The preprocessor also warns if the macro has not been used at the
time it is redefined or undefined.
.Sp
Built-in macros, macros defined on the command line, and macros
defined in include files are not warned about.
.Sp
\&\fINote:\fR If a macro is actually used, but only used in skipped
conditional blocks, then the preprocessor reports it as unused. To avoid the
warning in such a case, you might improve the scope of the macro's
definition by, for example, moving it into the first skipped block.
Alternatively, you could provide a dummy use with something like:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& #if defined the_macro_causing_the_warning
\& #endif
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-Wno\-endif\-labels\fR" 4
.IX Item "-Wno-endif-labels"
Do not warn whenever an \f(CW\*(C`#else\*(C'\fR or an \f(CW\*(C`#endif\*(C'\fR are followed by text.
This sometimes happens in older programs with code of the form
.Sp
.Vb 5
\& #if FOO
\& ...
\& #else FOO
\& ...
\& #endif FOO
.Ve
.Sp
The second and third \f(CW\*(C`FOO\*(C'\fR should be in comments.
This warning is on by default.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
This section describes the environment variables that affect how \s-1CPP\s0
operates. You can use them to specify directories or prefixes to use
when searching for include files, or to control dependency output.
.PP
Note that you can also specify places to search using options such as
\&\fB\-I\fR, and control dependency output with options like
\&\fB\-M\fR. These take precedence over
environment variables, which in turn take precedence over the
configuration of \s-1GCC.\s0
.IP "\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "CPATH"
.PD 0
.IP "\fBC_INCLUDE_PATH\fR" 4
.IX Item "C_INCLUDE_PATH"
.IP "\fB\s-1CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH"
.IP "\fB\s-1OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH"
.PD
Each variable's value is a list of directories separated by a special
character, much like \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR, in which to look for header files.
The special character, \f(CW\*(C`PATH_SEPARATOR\*(C'\fR, is target-dependent and
determined at \s-1GCC\s0 build time. For Microsoft Windows-based targets it is a
semicolon, and for almost all other targets it is a colon.
.Sp
\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR specifies a list of directories to be searched as if
specified with \fB\-I\fR, but after any paths given with \fB\-I\fR
options on the command line. This environment variable is used
regardless of which language is being preprocessed.
.Sp
The remaining environment variables apply only when preprocessing the
particular language indicated. Each specifies a list of directories
to be searched as if specified with \fB\-isystem\fR, but after any
paths given with \fB\-isystem\fR options on the command line.
.Sp
In all these variables, an empty element instructs the compiler to
search its current working directory. Empty elements can appear at the
beginning or end of a path. For instance, if the value of
\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR is \f(CW\*(C`:/special/include\*(C'\fR, that has the same
effect as \fB\-I.\ \-I/special/include\fR.
.IP "\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT"
If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output
dependencies for Make based on the non-system header files processed
by the compiler. System header files are ignored in the dependency
output.
.Sp
The value of \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR can be just a file name, in
which case the Make rules are written to that file, guessing the target
name from the source file name. Or the value can have the form
\&\fIfile\fR\fB \fR\fItarget\fR, in which case the rules are written to
file \fIfile\fR using \fItarget\fR as the target name.
.Sp
In other words, this environment variable is equivalent to combining
the options \fB\-MM\fR and \fB\-MF\fR,
with an optional \fB\-MT\fR switch too.
.IP "\fB\s-1SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES"
This variable is the same as \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR (see above),
except that system header files are not ignored, so it implies
\&\fB\-M\fR rather than \fB\-MM\fR. However, the dependence on the
main input file is omitted.
.IP "\fB\s-1SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"
If this variable is set, its value specifies a \s-1UNIX\s0 timestamp to be
used in replacement of the current date and time in the \f(CW\*(C`_\|_DATE_\|_\*(C'\fR
and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_TIME_\|_\*(C'\fR macros, so that the embedded timestamps become
reproducible.
.Sp
The value of \fB\s-1SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH\s0\fR must be a \s-1UNIX\s0 timestamp,
defined as the number of seconds (excluding leap seconds) since
01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 represented in \s-1ASCII\s0; identical to the output of
\&\f(CW\*(C`date +%s\*(C'\fR on GNU/Linux and other systems that support the
\&\f(CW%s\fR extension in the \f(CW\*(C`date\*(C'\fR command.
.Sp
The value should be a known timestamp such as the last modification
time of the source or package and it should be set by the build
process.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7),
\&\fIgcc\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIcpp\fR and \fIgcc\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1987\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. A copy of
the license is included in the
man page \fIgfdl\fR\|(7).
This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are
(a) (see below), and the Back-Cover Texts are (b) (see below).
.PP
(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Front-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& A GNU Manual
.Ve
.PP
(b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
\& software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
\& funds for GNU development.
.Ve

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timestamp

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timestamp

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.\"
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.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
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.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
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..
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.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
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.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
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. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
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\{\
. ds : e
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. ds ae ae
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "GCOV-DUMP 1"
.TH GCOV-DUMP 1 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
gcov\-dump \- offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
gcov-dump [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
[\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
[\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-long\fR]
[\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-positions\fR]
[\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-raw\fR]
\fIgcovfiles\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBgcov-dump\fR is a tool you can use in conjunction with \s-1GCC\s0 to
dump content of gcda and gcno profile files offline.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
.PD
Display help about using \fBgcov-dump\fR (on the standard output), and
exit without doing any further processing.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-long\fR" 4
.IX Item "--long"
.PD
Dump content of records.
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-positions\fR" 4
.IX Item "--positions"
.PD
Dump positions of records.
.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-raw\fR" 4
.IX Item "--raw"
.PD
Print content records in raw format.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Display the \fBgcov-dump\fR version number (on the standard output),
and exit without doing any further processing.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2017\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License\*(R" and \*(L"Funding
Free Software\*(R", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is
included in the \fIgfdl\fR\|(7) man page.
.PP
(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Front-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& A GNU Manual
.Ve
.PP
(b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
\& software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
\& funds for GNU development.
.Ve

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@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.09 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
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.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
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'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
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. ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.if !\nF .nr F 0
.if \nF>0 \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. if !\nF==2 \{\
. nr % 0
. nr F 2
. \}
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
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. ds /
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. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
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.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
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. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "GCOV-TOOL 1"
.TH GCOV-TOOL 1 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
gcov\-tool \- offline gcda profile processing tool
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
gcov-tool [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
.PP
gcov-tool merge [merge\-options] \fIdirectory1\fR \fIdirectory2\fR
[\fB\-o\fR|\fB\-\-output\fR \fIdirectory\fR]
[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
[\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-weight\fR \fIw1,w2\fR]
.PP
gcov-tool rewrite [rewrite\-options] \fIdirectory\fR
[\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-\-normalize\fR \fIlong_long_value\fR]
[\fB\-o\fR|\fB\-\-output\fR \fIdirectory\fR]
[\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-scale\fR \fIfloat_or_simple\-frac_value\fR]
[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
.PP
gcov-tool overlap [overlap\-options] \fIdirectory1\fR \fIdirectory2\fR
[\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-function\fR]
[\fB\-F\fR|\fB\-\-fullname\fR]
[\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-hotonly\fR]
[\fB\-o\fR|\fB\-\-object\fR]
[\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-hot_threshold\fR] \fIfloat\fR
[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBgcov-tool\fR is an offline tool to process gcc's gcda profile files.
.PP
Current gcov-tool supports the following functionalities:
.IP "*" 4
merge two sets of profiles with weights.
.IP "*" 4
read one set of profile and rewrite profile contents. One can scale or
normalize the count values.
.PP
Examples of the use cases for this tool are:
.IP "*" 4
Collect the profiles for different set of inputs, and use this tool to merge
them. One can specify the weight to factor in the relative importance of
each input.
.IP "*" 4
Rewrite the profile after removing a subset of the gcda files, while maintaining
the consistency of the summary and the histogram.
.IP "*" 4
It can also be used to debug or libgcov code as the tools shares the majority
code as the runtime library.
.PP
Note that for the merging operation, this profile generated offline may
contain slight different values from the online merged profile. Here are
a list of typical differences:
.IP "*" 4
histogram difference: This offline tool recomputes the histogram after merging
the counters. The resulting histogram, therefore, is precise. The online
merging does not have this capability \*(-- the histogram is merged from two
histograms and the result is an approximation.
.IP "*" 4
summary checksum difference: Summary checksum uses a \s-1CRC32\s0 operation. The value
depends on the link list order of gcov-info objects. This order is different in
gcov-tool from that in the online merge. It's expected to have different
summary checksums. It does not really matter as the compiler does not use this
checksum anywhere.
.IP "*" 4
value profile counter values difference: Some counter values for value profile
are runtime dependent, like heap addresses. It's normal to see some difference
in these kind of counters.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
.PD
Display help about using \fBgcov-tool\fR (on the standard output), and
exit without doing any further processing.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Display the \fBgcov-tool\fR version number (on the standard output),
and exit without doing any further processing.
.IP "\fBmerge\fR" 4
.IX Item "merge"
Merge two profile directories.
.RS 4
.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o directory"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-output\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output directory"
.PD
Set the output profile directory. Default output directory name is
\&\fImerged_profile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
Set the verbose mode.
.IP "\fB\-w\fR \fIw1\fR\fB,\fR\fIw2\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w w1,w2"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-weight\fR \fIw1\fR\fB,\fR\fIw2\fR" 4
.IX Item "--weight w1,w2"
.PD
Set the merge weights of the \fIdirectory1\fR and \fIdirectory2\fR,
respectively. The default weights are 1 for both.
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.IP "\fBrewrite\fR" 4
.IX Item "rewrite"
Read the specified profile directory and rewrite to a new directory.
.RS 4
.IP "\fB\-n\fR \fIlong_long_value\fR" 4
.IX Item "-n long_long_value"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-normalize <long_long_value>\fR" 4
.IX Item "--normalize <long_long_value>"
.PD
Normalize the profile. The specified value is the max counter value
in the new profile.
.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o directory"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-output\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output directory"
.PD
Set the output profile directory. Default output name is \fIrewrite_profile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR \fIfloat_or_simple\-frac_value\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s float_or_simple-frac_value"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-scale\fR \fIfloat_or_simple\-frac_value\fR" 4
.IX Item "--scale float_or_simple-frac_value"
.PD
Scale the profile counters. The specified value can be in floating point value,
or simple fraction value form, such 1, 2, 2/3, and 5/3.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
Set the verbose mode.
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.IP "\fBoverlap\fR" 4
.IX Item "overlap"
Compute the overlap score between the two specified profile directories.
The overlap score is computed based on the arc profiles. It is defined as
the sum of min (p1_counter[i] / p1_sum_all, p2_counter[i] / p2_sum_all),
for all arc counter i, where p1_counter[i] and p2_counter[i] are two
matched counters and p1_sum_all and p2_sum_all are the sum of counter
values in profile 1 and profile 2, respectively.
.RS 4
.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
.IX Item "-f"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-function\fR" 4
.IX Item "--function"
.PD
Print function level overlap score.
.IP "\fB\-F\fR" 4
.IX Item "-F"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-fullname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--fullname"
.PD
Print full gcda filename.
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-hotonly\fR" 4
.IX Item "--hotonly"
.PD
Only print info for hot objects/functions.
.IP "\fB\-o\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-object\fR" 4
.IX Item "--object"
.PD
Print object level overlap score.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIfloat\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t float"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-hot_threshold <float>\fR" 4
.IX Item "--hot_threshold <float>"
.PD
Set the threshold for hot counter value.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
Set the verbose mode.
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7), \fIgcc\fR\|(1), \fIgcov\fR\|(1) and the Info entry for
\&\fIgcc\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2014\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License\*(R" and \*(L"Funding
Free Software\*(R", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is
included in the \fIgfdl\fR\|(7) man page.
.PP
(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Front-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& A GNU Manual
.Ve
.PP
(b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
\& software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
\& funds for GNU development.
.Ve

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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.09 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
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.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
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.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
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.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
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\{\
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.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "LTO-DUMP 1"
.TH LTO-DUMP 1 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
lto\-dump \- Tool for dumping LTO object files
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
lto-dump [\fB\-list\fR]
[\fB\-demangle\fR]
[\fB\-defined\-only\fR]
[\fB\-print\-value\fR]
[\fB\-name\-sort\fR]
[\fB\-size\-sort\fR]
[\fB\-reverse\-sort\fR]
[\fB\-no\-sort\fR]
[\fB\-symbol=\fR]
[\fB\-objects\fR]
[\fB\-type\-stats\fR]
[\fB\-tree\-stats\fR]
[\fB\-gimple\-stats\fR]
[\fB\-dump\-level=\fR]
[\fB\-dump\-body=\fR]
[\fB\-help\fR] \fIlto-dump\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBlto-dump\fR is a tool you can use in conjunction with \s-1GCC\s0 to
dump link time optimization object files.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-list\fR" 4
.IX Item "-list"
Dumps list of details of functions and variables.
.IP "\fB\-demangle\fR" 4
.IX Item "-demangle"
Dump the demangled output.
.IP "\fB\-defined\-only\fR" 4
.IX Item "-defined-only"
Dump only the defined symbols.
.IP "\fB\-print\-value\fR" 4
.IX Item "-print-value"
Dump initial values of the variables.
.IP "\fB\-name\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "-name-sort"
Sort the symbols alphabetically.
.IP "\fB\-size\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "-size-sort"
Sort the symbols according to size.
.IP "\fB\-reverse\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "-reverse-sort"
Dump the symbols in reverse order.
.IP "\fB\-no\-sort\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-sort"
Dump the symbols in order of occurrence.
.IP "\fB\-symbol=\fR" 4
.IX Item "-symbol="
Dump the details of specific symbol.
.IP "\fB\-objects\fR" 4
.IX Item "-objects"
Dump the details of \s-1LTO\s0 objects.
.IP "\fB\-type\-stats\fR" 4
.IX Item "-type-stats"
Dump the statistics of tree types.
.IP "\fB\-tree\-stats\fR" 4
.IX Item "-tree-stats"
Dump the statistics of trees.
.IP "\fB\-gimple\-stats\fR" 4
.IX Item "-gimple-stats"
Dump the statistics of gimple statements.
.IP "\fB\-dump\-level=\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dump-level="
For deciding the optimization level of body.
.IP "\fB\-dump\-body=\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dump-body="
Dump the specific gimple body.
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Display the dump tool help.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2017\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License\*(R" and \*(L"Funding
Free Software\*(R", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is
included in the \fIgfdl\fR\|(7) man page.
.PP
(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Front-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& A GNU Manual
.Ve
.PP
(b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
\& software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
\& funds for GNU development.
.Ve

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.\" Copyright (c) 2017 pkgconf authors (see AUTHORS).
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" This software is provided 'as is' and without any warranty, express or
.\" implied. In no event shall the authors be liable for any damages arising
.\" from the use of this software.
.Dd December 15, 2017
.Dt PC 5
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm file.pc
.Nd pkg-config file format
.Sh DESCRIPTION
pkg-config files provide a useful mechanism for storing various information
about libraries and packages on a given system.
Information stored by
.Nm .pc
files include compiler and linker flags necessary to use a given library, as
well as any other relevant metadata.
.Pp
These
.Nm .pc
files are processed by a utility called
.Nm pkg-config ,
of which
.Nm pkgconf
is an implementation.
.\"
.Ss FILE SYNTAX
The
.Nm .pc
file follows a format inspired by RFC822.
Comments are prefixed by a pound sign, hash sign or octothorpe (#), and variable
assignment is similar to POSIX shell.
Properties are defined using RFC822-style stanzas.
.\"
.Ss VARIABLES
.\"
Variable definitions start with an alphanumeric string, followed by an equal sign,
and then the value the variable should contain.
.Pp
Variable references are always written as "${variable}".
It is possible to escape literal "${" as "$${".
.\"
.Ss PROPERTIES
.\"
Properties are set using RFC822-style stanzas which consist of a keyword, followed
by a colon (:) and then the value the property should be set to.
Variable substitution is always performed regardless of property type.
.Pp
There are three types of property:
.\"
.Bl -tag -width indent
.\"
.It Literal
The property will be set to the text of the value.
.\"
.It Dependency List
The property will be set to a list of dependencies parsed from the
text.
Dependency lists are defined by this ABNF syntax:
.Bd -literal
package-list = *WSP *( package-spec *( package-sep ) )
package-sep = WSP / ","
.\"
package-spec = package-key [ ver-op package-version ]
ver-op = "<" / "<=" / "=" / "!=" / ">=" / ">"
.Ed
.\"
.It Fragment List
The property will be set to a list of fragments parsed from the text.
The input text must be in a format that is suitable for passing to a POSIX
shell without any shell expansions after variable substitution has been done.
.\"
.El
.Ss PROPERTY KEYWORDS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.\"
.It Name
The displayed name of the package.
(mandatory; literal)
.It Version
The version of the package.
(mandatory; literal)
.It Description
A description of the package.
(mandatory; literal)
.It URL
A URL to a webpage for the package.
This is used to recommend where newer versions of the package can be acquired.
(mandatory; literal)
.It Cflags
Required compiler flags.
These flags are always used, regardless of whether static compilation is requested.
(optional; fragment list)
.It Cflags.private
Required compiler flags for static compilation.
(optional; fragment list; pkgconf extension)
.It Copyright
A copyright attestation statement.
(optional; literal; pkgconf extension)
.It Libs
Required linking flags for this package.
Libraries this package depends on for linking against it, which are not
described as dependencies should be specified here.
(optional; fragment list)
.It Libs.private
Required linking flags for this package that are only required when linking
statically.
Libraries this package depends on for linking against it statically, which are
not described as dependencies should be specified here.
(optional; fragment list)
.It License
The asserted SPDX license tag that should be applied to the given package.
(optional; literal; pkgconf extension)
.It Maintainer
The preferred contact for the maintainer. This should be in the format of a
name followed by an e-mail address or website.
(optional; literal; pkgconf extension)
.It Requires
Required dependencies that must be met for the package to be usable.
All dependencies must be satisfied or the pkg-config implementation must not use
the package.
(optional; dependency list)
.It Requires.private
Required dependencies that must be met for the package to be usable for static linking.
All dependencies must be satisfied or the pkg-config implementation must not use
the package for static linking.
(optional; dependency list)
.It Conflicts
Dependencies that must not be met for the package to be usable.
If any package in the proposed dependency solution match any dependency in the
Conflicts list, the package being considered is not usable.
(optional; dependency list)
.It Provides
Dependencies that may be provided by an alternate package.
If a package cannot be found, the entire package collection is scanned for
providers which can match the requested dependency.
(optional; dependency list; pkgconf extension)
.El
.Ss EXTENSIONS
Features that have been marked as a pkgconf extension are only guaranteed to work
with the pkgconf implementation of pkg-config.
Other implementations may or may not support the extensions.
.Pp
Accordingly, it is suggested that
.Nm .pc
files which absolutely depend on these extensions declare a requirement on the
pkgconf virtual.
.Sh EXAMPLES
An example .pc file:
.Bd -literal
# This is a comment
prefix=/home/kaniini/pkg # this defines a variable
exec_prefix=${prefix} # defining another variable with a substitution
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir=${prefix}/include
Name: libfoo # human-readable name
Description: an example library called libfoo # human-readable description
Copyright: Copyright (c) 2022 pkgconf project authors
License: Apache-2.0
Maintainer: the pkgconf project <http://www.pkgconf.org>
Version: 1.0
URL: http://www.pkgconf.org
Requires: libbar > 2.0.0
Conflicts: libbaz <= 3.0.0
Libs: -L${libdir} -lfoo
Libs.private: -lm
Cflags: -I${includedir}/libfoo
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pkgconf 1 ,
.Xr pkg.m4 7

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@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
.\" Copyright (c) 2018 pkgconf authors (see AUTHORS).
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" This software is provided 'as is' and without any warranty, express or
.\" implied. In no event shall the authors be liable for any damages arising
.\" from the use of this software.
.Dd July 19, 2018
.Dt PKGCONF-PERSONALITY 5
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm file.personality
.Nd pkgconf cross-compile personality file format
.Sh DESCRIPTION
pkgconf cross-compile personality files provide a useful mechanism for storing
various information about system toolchains.
Information stored by
.Nm .personality
files include information about paths used by a cross-compile toolchain, such as
the sysroot directory and default include and library paths. pkgconf uses this
information to determine what information is necessary to use libraries.
.\"
.Ss FILE SYNTAX
The
.Nm .personality
file follows a format inspired by RFC822.
Comments are prefixed by a pound sign, hash sign or octothorpe (#), and variable
assignment is similar to POSIX shell.
Properties are defined using RFC822-style stanzas.
.\"
.Ss PROPERTIES
.\"
Properties are set using RFC822-style stanzas which consist of a keyword, followed
by a colon (:) and then the value the property should be set to.
Variable substitution is always performed regardless of property type.
.Pp
There are two types of property:
.\"
.Bl -tag -width indent
.\"
.It Literal
The property will be set to the text of the value.
.\"
.It Fragment List
The property will be set to a list of fragments parsed from the text.
The input text must be in a format that is suitable for passing to a POSIX
shell without any shell expansions after variable substitution has been done.
Elements are delimited with a colon.
.\"
.It Boolean
The property will be set to true if the value is one of: true, yes or 1.
Otherwise it will be set to false.
.\"
.El
.Ss PROPERTY KEYWORDS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.\"
.It Triplet
The triplet used by the cross-compile toolchain.
(mandatory; literal)
.It SysrootDir
The directory used by the system root of the cross-compile toolchain.
(mandatory; literal)
.It DefaultSearchPaths
A list of directories to look for
.Xr pc 5
files in.
(mandatory; fragment list)
.It SystemIncludePaths
A list of directories that are included by default in the search path for
include files.
(mandatory; fragment list)
.It SystemLibraryPaths
A list of directories that are included by default in the search path for
libraries.
(mandatory; fragment list)
.It WantDefaultPure
If true, pkgconf will default to preferring a pure dependency graph.
(optional; boolean; default is false)
.It WantDefaultStatic
If true, pkgconf will default to operating in static linking mode.
(optional; boolean; default is false)
.\"
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
An example .personality file:
.Bd -literal
# This is a comment
Triplet: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
SysrootDir: /home/kaniini/sysroot/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
DefaultSearchPaths: /home/kaniini/sysroot/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib/pkgconfig:/home/kaniini/sysroot/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/share/pkgconfig
SystemIncludePaths: /home/kaniini/sysroot/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/include
SystemLibraryPaths: /home/kaniini/sysroot/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pkgconf 1 ,
.Xr pc 5 ,
.Xr pkg.m4 7

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@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.09 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
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.\" ========================================================================
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.if t .sp .5v
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..
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.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
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.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
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..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
. ds C`
. ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.if !\nF .nr F 0
.if \nF>0 \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. if !\nF==2 \{\
. nr % 0
. nr F 2
. \}
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "FSF-FUNDING 7"
.TH FSF-FUNDING 7 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
fsf\-funding \- Funding Free Software
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
.SS "Funding Free Software"
.IX Subsection "Funding Free Software"
If you want to have more free software a few years from now, it makes
sense for you to help encourage people to contribute funds for its
development. The most effective approach known is to encourage
commercial redistributors to donate.
.PP
Users of free software systems can boost the pace of development by
encouraging for-a-fee distributors to donate part of their selling price
to free software developers\-\-\-the Free Software Foundation, and others.
.PP
The way to convince distributors to do this is to demand it and expect
it from them. So when you compare distributors, judge them partly by
how much they give to free software development. Show distributors
they must compete to be the one who gives the most.
.PP
To make this approach work, you must insist on numbers that you can
compare, such as, \*(L"We will donate ten dollars to the Frobnitz project
for each disk sold.\*(R" Don't be satisfied with a vague promise, such as
\&\*(L"A portion of the profits are donated,\*(R" since it doesn't give a basis
for comparison.
.PP
Even a precise fraction \*(L"of the profits from this disk\*(R" is not very
meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions
can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit.
If the price you pay is \f(CW$50\fR, ten percent of the profit is probably
less than a dollar; it might be a few cents, or nothing at all.
.PP
Some redistributors do development work themselves. This is useful too;
but to keep everyone honest, you need to inquire how much they do, and
what kind. Some kinds of development make much more long-term
difference than others. For example, maintaining a separate version of
a program contributes very little; maintaining the standard version of a
program for the whole community contributes much. Easy new ports
contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult
ports such as adding a new \s-1CPU\s0 to the \s-1GNU\s0 Compiler Collection contribute more;
major new features or packages contribute the most.
.PP
By establishing the idea that supporting further development is \*(L"the
proper thing to do\*(R" when distributing free software for a fee, we can
assure a steady flow of resources into making more free software.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7).
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Verbatim copying and redistribution of this section is permitted
without royalty; alteration is not permitted.

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "GFDL 7"
.TH GFDL 7 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
gfdl \- GNU Free Documentation License
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\f(CW@comment\fR For some cases, this default \f(CW@node\fR/@unnumbered is not applicable and
\&\f(CW@comment\fR causes warnings. In those cases, the including file can set
\&\f(CW@comment\fR nodefaultgnufreedocumentationlicensenode and provide it's own version.
\&\f(CW@comment\fR F.i., when this file is included in an \f(CW@raisesections\fR context, the
\&\f(CW@comment\fR including file can use an \f(CW@unnumberedsec\fR.
.SS "\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License"
.IX Subsection "GNU Free Documentation License"
.SS "Version 1.3, 3 November 2008"
.IX Subsection "Version 1.3, 3 November 2008"
.Vb 2
\& Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
\& E<lt>B<https://fsf.org/>E<gt>
\&
\& Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
\& of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
.Ve
.IP "0." 4
.IX Item "0."
\&\s-1PREAMBLE\s0
.Sp
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document \fIfree\fR in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
.Sp
This License is a kind of \*(L"copyleft\*(R", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
.Sp
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
.IP "1." 4
.IX Item "1."
\&\s-1APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS\s0
.Sp
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein. The \*(L"Document\*(R", below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as \*(L"you\*(R". You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.
.Sp
A \*(L"Modified Version\*(R" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
.Sp
A \*(L"Secondary Section\*(R" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
.Sp
The \*(L"Invariant Sections\*(R" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.
.Sp
The \*(L"Cover Texts\*(R" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
.Sp
A \*(L"Transparent\*(R" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
of text. A copy that is not \*(L"Transparent\*(R" is called \*(L"Opaque\*(R".
.Sp
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
\&\s-1ASCII\s0 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
format, \s-1SGML\s0 or \s-1XML\s0 using a publicly available
\&\s-1DTD,\s0 and standard-conforming simple \s-1HTML,\s0
PostScript or \s-1PDF\s0 designed for human modification. Examples
of transparent image formats include \s-1PNG, XCF\s0 and
\&\s-1JPG.\s0 Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
read and edited only by proprietary word processors, \s-1SGML\s0 or
\&\s-1XML\s0 for which the \s-1DTD\s0 and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated \s-1HTML,\s0
PostScript or \s-1PDF\s0 produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
.Sp
The \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, \*(L"Title Page\*(R" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
.Sp
The \*(L"publisher\*(R" means any person or entity that distributes copies
of the Document to the public.
.Sp
A section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\*(R"\s0 means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely \s-1XYZ\s0 or contains \s-1XYZ\s0 in parentheses following
text that translates \s-1XYZ\s0 in another language. (Here \s-1XYZ\s0 stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
\&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R".) To \*(L"Preserve the Title\*(R"
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section \*(L"Entitled \s-1XYZ\*(R"\s0 according to this definition.
.Sp
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.
.IP "2." 4
.IX Item "2."
\&\s-1VERBATIM COPYING\s0
.Sp
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
.Sp
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
.IP "3." 4
.IX Item "3."
\&\s-1COPYING IN QUANTITY\s0
.Sp
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
.Sp
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
.Sp
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.
.Sp
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
.IP "4." 4
.IX Item "4."
\&\s-1MODIFICATIONS\s0
.Sp
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
.RS 4
.IP "A." 4
.IX Item "A."
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
.IP "B." 4
.IX Item "B."
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
.IP "C." 4
.IX Item "C."
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
.IP "D." 4
.IX Item "D."
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
.IP "E." 4
.IX Item "E."
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
.IP "F." 4
.IX Item "F."
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
.IP "G." 4
.IX Item "G."
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
.IP "H." 4
.IX Item "H."
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
.IP "I." 4
.IX Item "I."
Preserve the section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R", Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section Entitled \*(L"History\*(R" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
.IP "J." 4
.IX Item "J."
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the \*(L"History\*(R" section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
.IP "K." 4
.IX Item "K."
For any section Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R" or \*(L"Dedications\*(R", Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
.IP "L." 4
.IX Item "L."
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
.IP "M." 4
.IX Item "M."
Delete any section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
.IP "N." 4
.IX Item "N."
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R" or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
.IP "O." 4
.IX Item "O."
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
.Sp
You may add a section Entitled \*(L"Endorsements\*(R", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties\-\-\-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
.Sp
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
.Sp
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
.RE
.IP "5." 4
.IX Item "5."
\&\s-1COMBINING DOCUMENTS\s0
.Sp
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
.Sp
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
.Sp
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \*(L"History\*(R"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
\&\*(L"History\*(R"; likewise combine any sections Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
and any sections Entitled \*(L"Dedications\*(R". You must delete all
sections Entitled \*(L"Endorsements.\*(R"
.IP "6." 4
.IX Item "6."
\&\s-1COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS\s0
.Sp
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
.Sp
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
.IP "7." 4
.IX Item "7."
\&\s-1AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS\s0
.Sp
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an \*(L"aggregate\*(R" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
.Sp
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
.IP "8." 4
.IX Item "8."
\&\s-1TRANSLATION\s0
.Sp
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
.Sp
If a section in the Document is Entitled \*(L"Acknowledgements\*(R",
\&\*(L"Dedications\*(R", or \*(L"History\*(R", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
.IP "9." 4
.IX Item "9."
\&\s-1TERMINATION\s0
.Sp
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
.Sp
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
.Sp
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
.Sp
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
.IP "10." 4
.IX Item "10."
\&\s-1FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE\s0
.Sp
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<\fBhttps://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fR>.
.Sp
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License \*(L"or any later version\*(R" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
.IP "11." 4
.IX Item "11."
\&\s-1RELICENSING\s0
.Sp
\&\*(L"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\*(R" (or \*(L"\s-1MMC\s0 Site\*(R") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
\&\*(L"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration\*(R" (or \*(L"\s-1MMC\*(R"\s0) contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the \s-1MMC\s0
site.
.Sp
\&\*(L"CC-BY-SA\*(R" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
.Sp
\&\*(L"Incorporate\*(R" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
.Sp
An \s-1MMC\s0 is \*(L"eligible for relicensing\*(R" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this \s-1MMC,\s0 and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the \s-1MMC,\s0 (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
.Sp
The operator of an \s-1MMC\s0 Site may republish an \s-1MMC\s0 contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the \s-1MMC\s0 is eligible for relicensing.
.SS "\s-1ADDENDUM:\s0 How to use this License for your documents"
.IX Subsection "ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents"
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
.PP
.Vb 7
\& Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
\& Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
\& under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
\& or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
\& with no Invariant Sections, no Front\-Cover Texts, and no Back\-Cover
\& Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
\& Free Documentation License".
.Ve
.PP
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the \*(L"with...Texts.\*(R" line with this:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with
\& the Front\-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back\-Cover Texts
\& being <list>.
.Ve
.PP
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
.PP
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7).
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<\fBhttps://fsf.org/\fR>
.PP
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "GPL 7"
.TH GPL 7 "2022-08-19" "gcc-12.2.0" "GNU"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.nh
.SH "NAME"
gpl \- GNU General Public License
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
.SS "\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License"
.IX Subsection "GNU General Public License"
.SS "Version 3, 29 June 2007"
.IX Subsection "Version 3, 29 June 2007"
.Vb 1
\& Copyright (c) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
\&
\& Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
\& license document, but changing it is not allowed.
.Ve
.SS "Preamble"
.IX Subsection "Preamble"
The \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
.PP
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
to share and change all versions of a program\*(--to make sure it remains
free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation,
use the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for most of our software; it
applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You
can apply it to your programs, too.
.PP
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
.PP
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you
have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom
of others.
.PP
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too,
receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these
terms so they know their rights.
.PP
Developers that use the \s-1GNU GPL\s0 protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
.PP
For the developers' and authors' protection, the \s-1GPL\s0 clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
authors' sake, the \s-1GPL\s0 requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
.PP
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the
manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the
aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The
systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
Therefore, we have designed this version of the \s-1GPL\s0 to prohibit the
practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in
other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those
domains in future versions of the \s-1GPL,\s0 as needed to protect the
freedom of users.
.PP
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish
to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program
could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the \s-1GPL\s0
assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
.PP
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
.SS "\s-1TERMS AND CONDITIONS\s0"
.IX Subsection "TERMS AND CONDITIONS"
.IP "0. Definitions." 4
.IX Item "0. Definitions."
\&\*(L"This License\*(R" refers to version 3 of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License.
.Sp
\&\*(L"Copyright\*(R" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
of works, such as semiconductor masks.
.Sp
\&\*(L"The Program\*(R" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as \*(L"you\*(R". \*(L"Licensees\*(R" and
\&\*(L"recipients\*(R" may be individuals or organizations.
.Sp
To \*(L"modify\*(R" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
an exact copy. The resulting work is called a \*(L"modified version\*(R" of
the earlier work or a work \*(L"based on\*(R" the earlier work.
.Sp
A \*(L"covered work\*(R" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
.Sp
To \*(L"propagate\*(R" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
.Sp
To \*(L"convey\*(R" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
conveying.
.Sp
An interactive user interface displays \*(L"Appropriate Legal Notices\*(R" to
the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
.IP "1. Source Code." 4
.IX Item "1. Source Code."
The \*(L"source code\*(R" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. \*(L"Object code\*(R" means any non-source form
of a work.
.Sp
A \*(L"Standard Interface\*(R" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
.Sp
The \*(L"System Libraries\*(R" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
\&\*(L"Major Component\*(R", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
.Sp
The \*(L"Corresponding Source\*(R" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
.Sp
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
.Sp
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
work.
.IP "2. Basic Permissions." 4
.IX Item "2. Basic Permissions."
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
.Sp
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for
you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
.Sp
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
.IP "3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law." 4
.IX Item "3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law."
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the \s-1WIPO\s0 copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
.Sp
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid
circumvention of technological measures.
.IP "4. Conveying Verbatim Copies." 4
.IX Item "4. Conveying Verbatim Copies."
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
.Sp
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
.IP "5. Conveying Modified Source Versions." 4
.IX Item "5. Conveying Modified Source Versions."
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:
.RS 4
.IP "a." 4
.IX Item "a."
The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
and giving a relevant date.
.IP "b." 4
.IX Item "b."
The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released
under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This
requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to \*(L"keep intact all
notices\*(R".
.IP "c." 4
.IX Item "c."
You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will
therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms,
to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they
are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in
any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
separately received it.
.IP "d." 4
.IX Item "d."
If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
need not make them do so.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
\&\*(L"aggregate\*(R" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
.RE
.IP "6. Conveying Non-Source Forms." 4
.IX Item "6. Conveying Non-Source Forms."
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
ways:
.RS 4
.IP "a." 4
.IX Item "a."
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily
used for software interchange.
.IP "b." 4
.IX Item "b."
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written
offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you
offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give
anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the
Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is
covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used
for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable
cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access
to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
.IP "c." 4
.IX Item "c."
Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is
allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you
received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection
6b.
.IP "d." 4
.IX Item "d."
Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy
the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be
on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
satisfy these requirements.
.IP "e." 4
.IX Item "e."
Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of
the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
subsection 6d.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
.Sp
A \*(L"User Product\*(R" is either (1) a \*(L"consumer product\*(R", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user,
\&\*(L"normally used\*(R" refers to a typical or common use of that class of
product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of
whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
mode of use of the product.
.Sp
\&\*(L"Installation Information\*(R" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The
information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
solely because modification has been made.
.Sp
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in \s-1ROM\s0).
.Sp
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification
itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
network.
.Sp
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
.RE
.IP "7. Additional Terms." 4
.IX Item "7. Additional Terms."
\&\*(L"Additional permissions\*(R" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
.Sp
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
.Sp
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
.RS 4
.IP "a." 4
.IX Item "a."
Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
.IP "b." 4
.IX Item "b."
Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
displayed by works containing it; or
.IP "c." 4
.IX Item "c."
Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
.IP "d." 4
.IX Item "d."
Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or
.IP "e." 4
.IX Item "e."
Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
names, trademarks, or service marks; or
.IP "f." 4
.IX Item "f."
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
licensors and authors.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered \*(L"further
restrictions\*(R" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
.Sp
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
.Sp
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
above requirements apply either way.
.RE
.IP "8. Termination." 4
.IX Item "8. Termination."
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
.Sp
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
.Sp
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
.Sp
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
.IP "9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies." 4
.IX Item "9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies."
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
.IP "10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients." 4
.IX Item "10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients."
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
.Sp
An \*(L"entity transaction\*(R" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
.Sp
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
.IP "11. Patents." 4
.IX Item "11. Patents."
A \*(L"contributor\*(R" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's \*(L"contributor version\*(R".
.Sp
A contributor's \*(L"essential patent claims\*(R" are all patent claims owned
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, \*(L"control\*(R" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
.Sp
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
.Sp
In the following three paragraphs, a \*(L"patent license\*(R" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To \*(L"grant\*(R" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
.Sp
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. \*(L"Knowingly relying\*(R" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
.Sp
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
.Sp
A patent license is \*(L"discriminatory\*(R" if it does not include within the
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
.Sp
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
.IP "12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom." 4
.IX Item "12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom."
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
from conveying the Program.
.IP "13. Use with the \s-1GNU\s0 Affero General Public License." 4
.IX Item "13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License."
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the \s-1GNU\s0 Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the \s-1GNU\s0 Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
.IP "14. Revised Versions of this License." 4
.IX Item "14. Revised Versions of this License."
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
.Sp
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies that a certain numbered version of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public
License \*(L"or any later version\*(R" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Program does not specify a version number of the \s-1GNU\s0 General
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
.Sp
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
choose that version for the Program.
.Sp
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
.IP "15. Disclaimer of Warranty." 4
.IX Item "15. Disclaimer of Warranty."
\&\s-1THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW.\s0 \s-1EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM \*(L"AS IS\*(R" WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\s0 \s-1THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.\s0 \s-1SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.\s0
.IP "16. Limitation of Liability." 4
.IX Item "16. Limitation of Liability."
\&\s-1IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM\s0 (\s-1INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS\s0), \s-1EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.\s0
.IP "17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16." 4
.IX Item "17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16."
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
.SS "\s-1END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\s0"
.IX Subsection "END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS"
.SS "How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs"
.IX Subsection "How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs"
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
.PP
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the \*(L"copyright\*(R" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
.PP
.Vb 2
\& <one line to give the program\*(Aqs name and a brief idea of what it does.>
\& Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
\&
\& This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
\& it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
\& the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
\& your option) any later version.
\&
\& This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
\& WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
\& MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
\& General Public License for more details.
\&
\& You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
\& along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
.Ve
.PP
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
.PP
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
\& This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type "show w".
\& This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
\& under certain conditions; type "show c" for details.
.Ve
.PP
The hypothetical commands \fBshow w\fR and \fBshow c\fR should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
program's commands might be different; for a \s-1GUI\s0 interface, you would
use an \*(L"about box\*(R".
.PP
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a \*(L"copyright disclaimer\*(R" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the \s-1GNU GPL,\s0 see
<\fBhttps://www.gnu.org/licenses/\fR>.
.PP
The \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use
the \s-1GNU\s0 Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But
first, please read <\fBhttps://www.gnu.org/licenses/why\-not\-lgpl.html\fR>.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7).
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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.\" Copyright (c) 2017 pkgconf authors (see AUTHORS).
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" This software is provided 'as is' and without any warranty, express or
.\" implied. In no event shall the authors be liable for any damages arising
.\" from the use of this software.
.Dd December 5, 2017
.Dt PKG.M4 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pkg.m4
.Nd autoconf macros for using pkgconf
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm PKG_PREREQ
.Nm PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG
.Nm PKG_CHECK_MODULES
.Nm PKG_CHECK_MODULES_STATIC
.Nm PKG_INSTALLDIR
.Nm PKG_NOARCH_INSTALLDIR
.Nm PKG_CHECK_VAR
.Nm PKG_WITH_MODULES
.Nm PKG_HAVE_WITH_MODULES
.Nm PKG_HAVE_DEFINE_WITH_MODULES
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a collection of autoconf macros which help to configure compiler and linker
flags for development libraries.
This allows build systems to detect other dependencies and use them with the
system toolchain.
.Sh "AUTOCONF MACROS"
.Ss "PKG_PREREQ(MIN-VERSION)"
Checks that the version of the
.Nm
autoconf macros in use is at least MIN-VERSION.
This can be used to ensure a particular
.Nm
macro will be available.
.Ss "PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG([MIN-VERSION])"
Checks for an implementation of
.Nm pkg-config
which is at least MIN-VERSION or newer.
.Ss "PKG_CHECK_MODULES(VARIABLE-PREFIX, MODULES [,ACTION-IF-FOUND [,ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND]])"
.Ss "PKG_CHECK_MODULES_STATIC(VARIABLE-PREFIX, MODULES [,ACTION-IF-FOUND [,ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND]])"
Checks whether a given module set exists, and if so, defines
.Nm CFLAGS
and
.Nm LIBS
variables prefixed by
.Nm VARIABLE-PREFIX
with the output from
.Fl -cflags
and
.Fl -libs
respectively.
.Pp
The optional
.Nm ACTION-IF-FOUND
and
.Nm ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND
arguments are shell fragments that should be executed if the module set is
found or not found.
.Pp
If
.Nm $PKG_CONFIG
is not defined, the
.Nm PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG
macro will be executed to locate a
.Nm pkg-config
implementation.
.Pp
The
.Nm PKG_CHECK_MODULES_STATIC
macro provides the same behaviour as
.Nm PKG_CHECK_MODULES
with static linking enabled via the
.Fl -static
flag.
.Ss "PKG_INSTALLDIR(DIRECTORY)"
Defines the variable $pkgconfigdir as the location where a package
should install pkg-config .pc files.
.Pp
By default the directory is $libdir/pkgconfig, but the default can
be changed by passing the
.Nm DIRECTORY
parameter.
.Pp
This value can be overridden with the
.Fl -with-pkgconfigdir
configure parameter.
.Ss "PKG_NOARCH_INSTALLDIR(DIRECTORY)"
Defines the variable $noarch_pkgconfigdir as the location where a package
should install pkg-config .pc files.
.Pp
By default the directory is $datadir/pkgconfig, but the default can
be changed by passing the
.Nm DIRECTORY
parameter.
.Pp
This value can be overridden with the
.Fl -with-noarch-pkgconfigdir
configure parameter.
.Ss "PKG_CHECK_VAR(VARIABLE, MODULE, CONFIG-VARIABLE, [ACTION-IF-FOUND], [ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND])"
Retrieves the value of the
.Nm pkg-config
variable
.Nm CONFIG-VARIABLE
from
.Nm MODULE
and stores it in the
.Nm VARIABLE
variable.
.Pp
Note that repeated usage of
.Nm VARIABLE
is not recommended as the check will be skipped if the variable is
already set.
.Ss "PKG_WITH_MODULES(VARIABLE-PREFIX, MODULES, [ACTION-IF-FOUND],[ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND], [DESCRIPTION], [DEFAULT])"
Prepares a "--with-" configure option using the lowercase
.Nm VARIABLE-PREFIX
name, merging the behaviour of
.Nm AC_ARG_WITH
and
.Nm PKG_CHECK_MODULES
in a single macro.
.Ss "PKG_HAVE_WITH_MODULES(VARIABLE-PREFIX, MODULES, [DESCRIPTION], [DEFAULT])"
Convenience macro to trigger
.Nm AM_CONDITIONAL
after a
.Nm PKG_WITH_MODULES check.\&
.Nm VARIABLE-PREFIX
is exported as a make variable.
.Ss "PKG_HAVE_DEFINE_WITH_MODULES(VARIABLE-PREFIX, MODULES, [DESCRIPTION], [DEFAULT])"
Convenience macro to trigger
.Nm AM_CONDITIONAL
and
.Nm AC_DEFINE
after a
.Nm PKG_WITH_MODULES check.\&
.Nm VARIABLE-PREFIX
is exported as a make variable.