53 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
53 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
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### == The Age of Napoleon ==
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Began as a Jacobin
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Early military victories
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- At home he led rebel defeats, abroad he gained lands in Italy and won against Austria
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- By 1797, with Napoleon's leadership Austria left the war
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- Only England left, targeted Egypt
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- Expedition to Egypt failed, but kept from French citizens
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### == A Coup D'Etat ==
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As the Directory grew weak, one member planned to write a new constitution
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- Asked Napoleon to help
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With military support, the Directory was overthrown
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Napoleon pushed them all aside
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- In 1799 he issued his own constitution
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- Ruled by one man
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- First consul Napoleon Bonaparte
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### == Napoleon Becomes Emperor ==
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Napoleon submitted his constitution to a vote
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- Had plebiscite (popular) support
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In 1801, Napoleon named himself emperor
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- Had plebiscite support
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- He asked the pope to preside at the ceremony
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- He famously took the crown from the pope's hands and placed it on his own head
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- He owed his position to no one
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### == Napoleon Establishes Peace ==
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With the Treaty of Amiens, France made peace with England
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- Europe was at peace
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Used flattery and bribery to maintain his position
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- Amnesty to old political factions
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Employed people based on talent
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- Required that people be loyal only to him
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Ruthless to all opposition
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- Employed secret police
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- Quelled royalist rebellions
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Created opportunities to destroy enemies
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- A royalist plot on his life was used as an excuse to attack the Jacobins
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### == Napoleon's Changes as Emperor ==
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Economy
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- Price controls
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- Roads, canals, public schools
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Socially
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- Napoleonic Code: a code of laws with Enlightenment ideas
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- Protected property rights
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- Nobility remained abolished
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- Conservative towards workers and women
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