63 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
63 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
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# {} Before Peter
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### == Stuck in the Past ==
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Russia was still very medieval
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- Isolated from many of the developments in Europe
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- Unaffected by the European Renaissance
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Romanov Dynasty began in 1613, centralized authority under a Tsar
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- Nobles had elected Michael Romanov
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- He and his successors brought stability and some centralization
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# {} Peter & Modernization
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### == Peter the Great ==
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Only 10 in 1682 when he came to the throne
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- Shared it with his brother Ivan until his death in 1696
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- Tumultuous beginning to his reign
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- Convinced he must secure power from the streltsy and boyars and increase the Russian Military
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1697 he journeyed throughout Europe
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- Especially impressed by the maritime powers
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- Recruited a group and brought them back to Russia
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- Used them to westernize his country
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### == Modernizing by Force ==
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Enforced autocratic rule - rule with unlimited authority
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- Forced the boyars to be civil or military officials (Table of Ranks)
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Cultural changes as well
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- Russian style made them the butt jokes in Europe
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- Boyars were forced to shave their bears, wear western style clothes, and mix with women in public
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- To ensure noble cooperation, he strengthened noble control over their lands
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- Stricter control over serfs spread the practice
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- Some serfs were used by his government as well - soldiers and laborers
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### == Might Makes Right ==
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Pushed through reforms modeled after the west
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- Technology, education, simplified alphabet
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- Mercantilist policies: encouraged exports and manufacturing
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- A trade surplus is necessary for healthy economy
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Put down resistance with gruesome displays
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Expanded his control to include the church
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- Abolished the patriarch, set up the Holy Synod which would govern the church with his influence
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### == Expanding Russian Influence ==
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Military - largest standing army in Europe and a modern navy
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- Goal: attain a warm water port on the Black Sea
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- Unable to defeat the Ottomans
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- Defeated the Swedes in the Great Northern War and ports on the Baltic and a place in European politics
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- Won lands to the west north of Manchuria and sent explorers along the Bering Strait
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Built St. Petersburg
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- Constructed "window to the west" on the Baltic sea
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### == Was Peter Successful? ==
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Attained warm water ports
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Built a large army and modern navy
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Increased power over nobles
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- Some ground was lost after his death
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Expanded holdings to the pacific
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Left no heir
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Serfdom increased
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- Widened the gap with Western Europe
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