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AP Euro/Chapter 16/The Enlightenment.md

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+# {} Effects and Background
+
+## == Effects of the Scientific Revolution ==
+
+People looked at the world in a new way
+	- Believed in the power of the human mind and the rationality of the physical world
+	- Expanded knowledge solved old problems in science
+If natural laws applied to science, why not societal problems?
+
+# {} Thinkers
+## == The Birth of the Social Sciences ==
+
+Growth of the print culture
+	- People were expected to be more and more well read
+Scientific laws applied to human behavior and societal problems
+	- People began to study it like science
+	- Psychology, sociology, economics, etc
+Immanuel Kant used the word "enlightenment" to describe the change
+
+## == Thomas Hobbes ==
+
+The Earliest of the enlightenment thinkers
+	- Spent a lot of time with prominent scientists
+Wrote *Leviathan*, he outlined his view of the inherent nature of man
+	- In the natural condition, man is cruel, greedy, and selfish
+		- All our behavior is driven by the drive to increase pleasure and minimize pain
+If not controlled, people would destroy each other
+In order to escape this eventuality, we enter into a social contract
+	- People give up their freedom (personal rights) to live in an ordered society
+	- A power government is necessary
+	- His preference - absolute monarchy: the dangers of anarchy are greater than tyranny
+
+## == John Locke ==
+
+A contemporary of Thomas Hobbes, he criticized absolutism
+	- Challenged the patriarchal model
+All humans are born with a *tabula rasa*
+	- Our personality is a product of our experiences
+More optimistic view of human nature
+	- Believed man is basically moral and reasonable
+		- In our natural state we could live peaceably, but competition arises that needs a political authority to sort out
+Humans have natural rights - life, liberty, and property
+The purpose of government is to protect people's natural rights
+	- Therefore, government should have limited power and should be accepted by all citizens
+	- Against absolute monarchy, believed the characteristics described by Hobbes occurred when people were being enslaved
+	- Encouraged revolution when the government violated the rights it was supposed to protect
+Also encouraged religious toleration
+	- The function of the government should be to preserve property, not make religious decisions
+	- Did not extend it to Roman Catholics
+		- Claimed they had an allegiance to a foreign prince
+	- Also did not extend to atheists or non-Christians
+		- Could not be trusted to keep their word
+
+## == The Philosophes ===
+
+French philosophers who used scientific methods to understand and improve human society