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AP Euro/Chapter 19/Causes of the French Revolution.md

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+### == 3 estates ==
+
+1st - Clergy
+2nd - Nobility
+	Held top jobs
+3rd - Everyone else
+	Bourgeoisie to peasants
+
+Known as the **ancien regime**
+
+### == The Third Estate ==
+
+Included a huge range of French citizens
+	- Most were rural peasants
+	- Others were poor, urban workers
+Common grievances
+	- Top jobs closed to them
+	- Bore the burden of taxes
+	- Even small price increases could be crippling
+
+### == Hard Economic Times ==
+
+Huge national debt
+	- Contributing factors
+		- Louis XIV's lavish lifestyle
+		- Deficit spending
+		- 7 Years War
+		- Overwhelming interest payments
+Unsuccessful reforms
+	- Louis XVI was weak and Necker was dismissed after suggesting Louis tax the 1st and 2nd estates
+Calling the Estates General
+	- A body made of representatives from the three estates
+		- Did not have the power of the purse
+	- Each estate was asked to prepare a **cahier**
+
+### == From Estates General to National Assembly ==
+
+Traditionally, each estate got one vote
+	- 1. Clergy, 2. Nobles, 3. Everyone else
+		- Unequal - 96% of population only had 33% of the say
+The king and his ministers tried to strengthen the 3rd estate
+The estates had to decide how votes would be counted in the new session
+Members that represented the 3rd Estate thought all the estates should vote together
+	- A standoff ensued
+June 1789: the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly
+June 19th - the Second Estate voted to join them
+
+### == Tennis Court Oath ==
+
+When the King locked them out of their building, they met in an indoor tennis court
+Vowed to continue to meet until there was a "just constitution"
+
+### == The Bastille ==
+
+A symbol of Tyranny
+Parisians believed there were weapons inside
+	- They were forming a militia to protect the national assembly
+	- A mob gathered to claim them
+	- First major conflict of the revolution

AP Euro/Chapter 19/French and Indian War.md

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+### == Cause ==
+
+The French, British, and Natives all claimed land west of the Appalachians
+
+### == Early War ==
+
+Began when George Washington ambushed a French scouting party in Pennsylvania in 1754
+	- Built and defended Fort Necessity
+The French had a better relationship with the natives
+	- Colonized by building forts and trading with the Indians
+
+### == The Albany Plan of Union ==
+
+In 1754 the Northern English colonies held a meeting in Albany
+Goals:
+	- Strengthen ties with the Iroquois League, a coalition of 6 native groups in the northeast
+	- Created a united war effort from the colonies
+They accepted the Albany Plan of Union
+	- Written by Ben Franklin
+	- Proposed that the colonies come together in a permanent alliance
+Rejected by the colonial governments
+	- Unwilling to give up power to a central government
+
+### == Bad Start for the British ==
+
+The French had early victories
+	- Defeated Washington at Fort Necessity
+The British fought in straight lines, the Natives and French hid
+	- The French were able to win despite being outnumbered
+
+### == British Turn the Tide ==
+
+William Pitt became prime minister
+	- Helped raise taxes to fund the war
+	- Troops were better prepared with better leaders
+British took over many French forts
+The Iroquois decided to support the British
+
+### == Fall of Quebec ==
+
+Quebec was the capital of "New France"
+	- French colonies in the new world
+British commander Wolfe laid siege to the city
+	- By September, he was running out of time
+	- Used an undefended path up the cliff
+	- A battle led to heavy French losses and both commanders died
+The city surrendered within a few days
+
+### == Treaty of Paris (1763) ==
+
+British forces then took Montreal and seized the remaining forts
+European representatives met in France to create a peace treaty
+Ended the French and Indian War
+	- Also ended the conflict known as the Seven Years War
+Terms of the peace:
+	- The British got all French land east of the Mississippi except New Orleans
+	- The British got Florida in return for giving Cuba back to Spain
+	- The Spanish got all French land west of the Mississippi and New Orleans
+
+### == Side Effects of the War ==
+
+British and the colonists resented each other
+	- British felt the colonists had not done enough to support the war
+	- Colonists lost respect for the British military and felt disrespected by the British
+		- They wanted to expand and prosper without British interference

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AP Euro/Chapter 19/The Moderate Phase (1789-1791).md

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+### == Contributing Factors ==
+
+The dismissal of Necker on July 11th
+	- Popular with the 3rd Estate, contributed to the fall of the Bastille
+Famine in France
+	- Crops failed in the "Little Ice Age"
+	- Bread prices rose by over 88%, people were forced to spend most of their income to eat
+		- Fueled anger towards nobles and taxation
+
+### == The Great Fear ==
+
+The Third Estate developed conspiracy theories about the famine
+The National Assembly met to stop the spreading chaos on August 4th, 1789
+	- Prearranged for several nobles to give up their feudal rights
+		- Made all French Citizens equal
+		- Abolished the ancien regime
+
+### == Establishing Equality ==
+
+On August 25th, the National Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man
+	- Based in part on earlier American documents
+		- All men free and equal
+		- Due process of law, innocent until proven guilty
+		- Freedom of religion
+		- Right to property
+
+### == Women Take Action ==
+
+Louis XVI hesitated to ratify the new changes
+October 5th, 1789 - 6000 armed women marched to Versailles demanding bread
+	- They refused to leave until the king returned with them to Paris
+
+### == New Constitution, New Government ==
+
+Needed to fulfill the Tennis Court Oath
+Cosntitution of 1791
+	- Limited monarchy
+		- Could veto, but not halt legislation
+	- Legislative Assembly with power
+		- Make all laws
+		- Collect taxes
+		- Decide on issues of war and peace
+	- Voting 
+	- Rights for tax-paying males over 25
+	- Created 83 departments
+	- Uniform courts, outlawed outdated punishment
+	- Only propertied males may vote
+Olympe de Gougues outraged women were not included
+	- Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women
+
+### == Solving the Financial Crisis ==
+
+Much of the French debt was owed to the bourgeoisie
+	- The national assembly (largely made of the bourgeoisie) worked to solve the financial crisis
+		- One solution - take over and sell church lands
+The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
+	- Bishops and priests became elected, salaried officials
+		- Ended papal authority in France
+	- Required clergy to take an oath
+		- Many refused, people were forced to choose between religion and revolution
+
+### == Louis' Escape Attempt ==
+
+June 1791: the King and his family tried to flee Paris
+	- Disguised as servants, made it as far as Varennes
+	- Discovered when he was compared to French currency
+	- Appeared to be a traitor
+		- The constitutional monarchy would not last
+
+### == The French Plague ==
+
+Emigres: over 16000 aristocrats that left France
+	- Spoke with other leaders about their harrowing lives in France
+	- Caused other European monarchs to turn againt the French revolution
+		- Feared it would spread to their lands
+		- Anticipated escalating violence
+The Declaration of Pilnitz
+	- Issued by Austria and Prussia
+		- Claimed they would intervene to protect the monarchy if the other European powers agreed