{} Build up to the Civil War

== King vs Parliament ==

By 1500s - Rights of Parliament - Approve new taxes - pass laws - advise monarchs - Rights of Kings - Summon and dismiss Parliament - Foreign policy - name officials and judges - control the Church of England

== James 1 ==

Elizabeth's cousin, James Stuart came to power after her death Unlike the Tudors, James pressed the issue of divine right - Did not believe that he should have to consult parliament - Parliament, especially the House of Commons, resisted the control of an absolute monarch

== James Avoids Parliament ==

James decided to call them as little as possible - Had to find new ways of collecting revenue - Levied new custom duties called impositions - Insisted on living an extravagant lifestyle - Conflicts with Puritans as well

== Charles I ==

Charles I inherited the throne in 1625 - Much like his father - Divine right, absolute monarch - Pressed the citizens for more money - Tried to collect discontinued taxes, property owners were forced to pay "forced loans" - imprisoned those who did not pay - Imprisoned dissidents without trial 1628: need for funds required him to call Parliament

== The Petition of Right ==

Parliament assembled and presented Charles I with the Petition of Right - Required him to sign it before they would approve any new taxes - The Petition: - No new taxes w/o Parliament's consent, no forced loans - King could not jail anyone without legal justification - King could not quarter troops in private homes Charles signed the petition, but then dissolved Parliament - Ignored the petition and did not call Parliament again for 11 years

== Charles vs Puritans ==

Could have ruled without Parliament but... - Charles and Archbishop Laud put reforms in Anglican Church - Forced clergy to follow strict rules - Some thought he was trying to bring back Catholic rituals - Tried to impose Anglican practices in Calvinist Scotland - the Book of Common Prayer - Caused a border skirmish which Charles needed money for

== The Long Parliament ==

The Long Parliament began in November 1640 and lasted until 1660 - Concerned with limiting the King's power - Abolished the royal courts - No more than 3 years could elapse between the meetings - Tried and executed the kings' chief ministers, Laud among them - Declared Parliament could not be dissolved without their own consent

== Charles vs Parliament ==

Parliament condemned Charles as a tyrant Charles struck back - In 1642, he brought troops into Parliament - Meant to arrest certain opponents

{} The Civil War

== Civil War ==

Cavaliers vs Roundheads - The King's army was known as the Cavaliers - mounted aristocrats - House of Commons passed the Militia Ordinance - Allowed parliament to have an army of their own - Known as roundheads - English Civil War began (1642-1649)

== Cromwell Organizes the Roundheads ==

Organized the Roundhead army according to skill rather than rank/social status - New Model Army The Cavaliers were defeated militarily by 1645 Charles was put on trial in 1648 and executed in 1649

== The British Commonwealth ==

The House of Commons then abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Anglican Church A Puritan Republic was established under Cromwell - Led to an uprising in Ireland and Scotland - Cromwell crushed the uprising and exiled Catholics

Levellers caused problems by calling for equality across classes and the sexes

{} Aftermath

== Lord Protector ==

Cromwell dissolved Parliament when they asked him to disband his army, named himself "Lord Protector" in 1654 - Became a dictator in practice through his military control Changes were also made to reflect strict Puritan views - Set aside Sunday for religious observance - Closed theaters and taverns - Encouraged education and marriage

== The Commonwealth Ends ==

Cromwell died in 1658, and Puritan control waned - Many tired of strict rules "Restoration" - new parliament placed Charles II on the throne - Agreed to respect the Petition of Right - England reverted back to the status quo of 1652 - Re-established the Church of England - Also sympathized with Catholics, Parliament passed the Test Act against him

4.3 KiB Raw Blame History